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The following Annotated Table of Contents for Henry Peacham's Minerva Britanna was compiled by the students of the Middlebury College first-year seminar, Emblem Literature, Fall 2001.

Introductory Notes to PeachamCommentaries on Selected EmblemsStudent ContributorsGo to Course Homepage:  FS 010 Emblem Literature

Front Matter | Part One | Part Two | The Author's Conclusion

Each entry in the following table of contents lists: (1) the emblem number; (2) the title; (3) a dedication if one exits; (4) key elements and themes in the image and text of the emblem; and (4) the marginal sources. The list is still a rough draft compiled jointly by

Front Matter

Title Page

Device

Epistle Dedicatory: page one, page two

To the Reader: page one, page two

Dedicatory Panegyrics: page one, page two, page three, page four, page five, page six, page seven, page eight, page nine

The Emblems: Part One

1 Nisi desuper / King James / Hand of God from the sky, crown, chains / Virgil, Claudien, Schetland, Thilemel, Homer, James I

2 Initium Sapientiae / A sword, a book, a serpent / Psalm 24, Aristotle, James I, Ciprian, Lactantius

3 Cui cedet / three hands, a lit candle in a gold candle holder / Augustus, James I, Gregor

4 Nusquam tuta / a female hind with an arrow in its side / Seneca, Tacitus, James I, Augustine

5 Philautia / A woman, Self-Love, Arrogance, in a loose dress, mirror, serpent around her arm / Alciato, Augustine, James I

6 Humanae traditiones / a crumbling wall with a branch on it, a branch lying on the ground / James I, Mathew, Ciprian

7 Cuique et nemini / A woman, with an open book and a T / Gregor, James I, Titus, Bernar

8 Nec metuas nec optes / A hand out of a cloud holding a skull / Ecclesiastes, Augustine, James I, Seneca, Cicero

9 Psalmi Davidici / A ring with eight keys on it / James I, Hilary, Athanasius

10 Prius ablue sordas / A pitcher pouring water into a bowl sitting on a book / Hesiod, James I, Cicero

11 Sic pacem habemus / King James, / two standing lions holding up a crown

12 Quae plantavi irrigabo / hand from the sky, pitcher watering thistles / 1 Corinthians 3:6

13 To the thrice-virtvous and fairest of queenes, Anne Qveen of Great Britaine/ A tree with branches encircling the letters E, H, C, a ribbon with the words Arbor Nantium Na:Reg In:An visible / Fouleri, Tacitus

14 Fatum Subscribat Eliza / Princess Elizabeth / A blank tablet

15 Auspice caelo / King Louis XIII of France and Navarre / A hand from the sky holding a shield with three lilies by two ribbons / Clithoveu, G. F. Ravillac

16 Unita valebunt / Phillip, King of Spain / a tree with seven arrows tied to it

17 To the most renowned and hopefull, Henrie Prince of Wales, &c / An armoured knight with lance on horseback / Plutarch, James I

18 E corpore pulchro Gratior / Prince Charles, Duke of Yorke / a bust of a winged man with laurels on his head / Xenophon, Catallus, Menander

19 To the Right Honourable Robert, Earle of Salisbury, and Lord High Treasurer of England, &c / A phoenix in its flaming nest, the sun / Seneca

20 His servire / Lord Henry Howard, Earl of Northhampton, Lord Privy Seale / A armored hand, holding a sword, laurel ring, podium with words Deo Opt Max, sleeping lion

21 Gloria principum / William, Earl of Penbrooke / a crowned young lady beside a pyramid / Adriani, Salust, Ovid

22 Ragione di stato / Julius Caesar / man in robe covered with eyes and ears holding a wand beside poppies and a lion / Xenophon, Rex, Tacitus

23 His ornari aut mori / Henry. Earl of Southampton / three entertwined garlands / Ripa

24 Merenti / a hand drawing a lion on a shield / Virgil, Max, Valer

25 Foelicitas Publica / Lord Oliver, Saint John of Bletnesho / a seated lady holding a horn filled with fruit and a cadacus/ Mammea

26 Doctrina / seated woman under a shower of rain, with an open book on her lap holding a sun on a scepter / Cicero, Poeta, Epist, Hugo

27 Sine refluxu / Lord Harrington / the Caspian sea surrounded by mountains / Sydnae

28 His altiora Lord Woothon/ a bird of Jove above a globe / Horace

29 Sol alter, veritas / Sir Edward Coke / a chair under a sun / Cicero

30 Rex medicus patria / a dragon holding a scepter / Ovid

31 Protegere Regium / James I / a gate with two chains under a crown /

32 Dies et ingenium / The Lady of LEW / a lion, a leash / Seneca, Cicero, Ovid

33 Labor viris convenit / Lord Dingwell / an armored hand holding the base of a spear / Virgil, Capeti,

34 Ex malis moribus bonae leges / Sir Francis Bacon / a man holding down a viper with a pole / Civtacis, Civtacis, Ovid

35 To Sir Thomas Chaloner / Est hac almus honor [Thomas Chalonerus] / a banner with Virtue on one side with a pole and on the other a winged man with a horn and robe of eyes on ears

36 Virtus Romanaet antiqua / Sir David Murray / a man covered in the skin of a lion holding three apples and a club / Tacitus, Ital

37 Sic vitile dulci / a Spartan virgin holding garlen seated across from a nobel Lord / Lipfius, Erasmus

38 Tandem divulganda / a winged key / Clementia

39 Ope mutua / Mr. Adam Newton, secretary to Prince Henry / a Lorriel vine / Pliny, Tacius, Cicero

40 Salomonis prudentia / Sir David Foulis/ an open book under two Cedar branches, a heart and an eye / Lipfius

41 Vicinorum amicitia / two pomegranate trees in an embrace, buildings / Ovid, Trist

42 To the right worshipful Sir Edmund Ashfeild Knight / I fledd unshamed [Edmund Ashfeild] / tree atop a hill, clouded sun, house, Thetis, banner reading "Tanto Clarior" / Seneca

43 Proemio et poena / hand holding a sword wrapped in vine, clouded sky, rocks, vegetation / Horace

44 Qua pondere maior (What stronger thought) / scale held in hand from sky, cannon in one side, gold pen in other, Mars, Pallas / Peacham

45 Hibernica Respub: ad Jacobum Regem / harp, vegetation, buildings / Basil

46 Poenitentia / woman holding birch and fish, fountain, tree, mountains / Ovid, Augustin, Idem

47 Dolus / man with snake legs, panther, building, Deceit / Job, Proverb

48 Crimina gravissima / youth, cock, goblet, medals, money, Joves / Tibullus

49 Virtutem aut vitium sequi Genus / Family, man, snake, spear, vegetation, buildings / Horace

50 Vos vobis / bees, flower, castle, house, butterflies

51 Sic opibus mentes / birds, flowering shrub, fruit / Erasmus, Felix

52 Undique flamma / candle, boats tree stump, buildings, water / Phillip, Basil

53 Regia liberalitas / Alexander, sword, hand, crown / Cicero

54 In actione consistit / ship, water h/ Tacitus

55 Humilibus dat gratiam / castle, mountains, different flowers / Bernard

56 Candor immunis erit / man, mirror, sun clouds, cloth, table, buildings

57 Scripta non temere edenda / lobster, Argus, sailboats, building, quill, clouds / Livius, Horatio

58 Pulchritudo feminea / Virgin, mirror, dragon, arrow, garland / Ovid

59 Nil inde insipidum / turtle dove, table, slat, tree, building / Cicero

60 Ni vndus ni vientos / tree, wind, water, vegetation clouds

61 In aliis tempestivè consulentes non sibi / Tulser, scythe with whetstone, wit, Pastor

62 Quicquid delirant Reges / Thracians, fox, ice, frozen river / Horatius, Plutarch

63 In timido et iactantes / Fenny Bitter, river, reed, Coward, Valor, bird

64 Deos imprimis placandos / Roman ladies, Delphos, goblet, offering, pride, Church / Plutarch, Plautus

65 Deus vltimum refugium / Mr : D: Laifeild, / Priam, fire, Creusa, altar, sacrifice / Augustine, Psalms 74

66 Allah vere - Deus dabit / Soliman, Ocean, Ambition, Christian, candles, sea

67 Nec te quaesiveris extra / Staff, river, arrow, Persian bow, conscience, senses / Ovid, Persius, I Cor. 2:31

68 Fit purior haustu / Well, mud, summer, wit

69 Tutissima comes / Pallas, Ulysses, Homer, wisdom, travel / Homer, Euripides, Valerias Fleccus, Aristotle

70 In dilapidantes sibi credita aliena / Hounds, fox, crafty, thief, conscience, basket

71 Patientia laesa furorem / net, sea, patience, fury, arm of God

72 Te aspicit vnam. / Ad Sidonia virginem nobilem / stars, Arctic, compass, scrolls, sun dial, love

73 Maior Hercule / Cupid, love, columns, blindfold, Colossus, Egyptioan piles, Mausoleus, Spain's pillars, Traians, bow / Seneca

74 Erit altera merces. Ad amicum suum Iohannem Doulandum Musices. / Annos ludendo hausi = Iohannes Doulandus / Philomel, Rose, brier, winter, fence, flowers

75 Cui candor morte redemptus / Ermin, hounds, hunters, skin, horse

76 Status humanus / Wheel, spoke, captive kings, Sesotris, crowns / James I, Erasmus, Seneca

77 Cum severitate lenitas / Rainbow, rain, justice, sins, mercy / Quintilius, Claudius

78 Sine pluma / Helmet, holes, bullets, envy, valiant heart / Claudius

79 Vmbra tantum / Platane tree, shade, river

80 Vita tota dies vnus / Flower, life, Lillie, sun, ship, sea / Chrysostem, Tacitus, Augustus

81 Divitiae / Country swains, football / Caduca

82 Arbiter ipse mei / Lion, band, chain / Basil, Horat

83 Vulnerat ille medemur / Sword, wine, oil / Basil, August, Bernard

84 In Prodigos / Willow, Homer, fruit, palms / Frugi, Urinus

85 Te Duce / Patrich, Fouler's net / Xenophon, Tacitus Annal, Basil

86 In Salo Sine Sale / Ladie E. L. / Dolphin, Diana

87 Vna dolo Divûm / Ladie Alicia D. / counterfeit stone, jewel

88 Paulatim / Earth, Jove, Thames, Tyber, Pinde, Pelion, Lion

89 Sic Vos Non Vobis / Mr. William Stallenge / Silk, webs, siren, fool

90 Tyranni Morbus Suspicio / Richmond, Richard, Bosworth, Hawthorne Crown / Caligula

91 Innocentia Muninem Tutissimum / Lion, Vultur, Puttock, Pie, Crowe / Cicero, Plutarch

92 Amor Coniugalis Aeternus / Mr. And Mrs. Christopher Collarde / Turtle, Olive, Ring of gold, Dove / Columba

93 Temperantia / Temperance, Bridle, Golden cup / Basil

94 Servire Nescit / Falcon, Liberty, Caterpillar / Seneca

95 Vis Amoris / Alcides, Club, Mantle, Lion's skin, Omphale

96 Vini Vis / Bacchus, Cup, Mercury, God, Wine, Eloquence

97 Honos Venalis / Promotion, Impresa, Athenian cat, Homer / Lucan

98 Divinitùs / Oxford University / Muse, Academe, Fame, Artes, Lamp, Truth

99 Atheôn Exitus / Atheist, Jove, Faith, Fear, Julian, Galilean, Blood, Air

100 Sic et Ingenium / Roses, Garden, Nature, Sloth, Earth / Ovidius, Boethius

The Emblems: Part Two

Second Title Page

"The Author to his Muse"

101 Presidem et dulce decus / Mauritio Hessie Lantgravio/ armored arm, flag, mountain, branches/ Douland

102 Distantia iungo / Duke of Lennox/ hand, shield, house/ James I., Silius

103 Nostro elucescis damno / two arms from clouds, steel, flint, tinderbox, table

104 Ex Avaritia Bellum / arm from cloud in fist

105 (Greek title) / hand, sun, scepter/ James I, Tacitus

106 Non invicta recedo / Mr. Hannibal Baskervile/ rhinosarus wearing armor/ Paulus Iovius

107 Non Honus, sed Onus / lion, crown, scepter, sword / Virgil

108 Quem timuisti, timet / Britain/ women, scepter, boat / Seneca

109 Eo magis Caligat / two tapers, sun/ James I, Augustus

110 Piorum vita luctuosa / Mrs. Elizabeth Apsley/ four doves, tree/ psalm 55

111 Coniugii Symbolum / stork, two burning torches/ Horace

112 In eos qui amicis fruantur, vti nesciant / man, tree, saw, spikes

113 Sic Nos Dii / hand from cloud, tennis ball, house/ Plautus

114 Per nulla figura dolori / Earl of Essex/ devise

115 In repetundos, et adulatores / woman head, bird body, table cup, book/ Ovid, Tacitus, James I

116 Salomone pulchrius / hand from cloud, flower, city/ Aristotle, Mathew 6:24

117 Soboles damnosa parenti / willow tree, man, sledge hammer, lighthouse/ Aesop

118 Innocentiam iniuriis maxime obnoxiam esse / cat, chicken

119 Humanae miseriae / woman, rod, globe, vase/ Horace, Camp

120 Vireo tamen "( )"/ child, leaves, rope, buildings

121 Dÿ laboribus vendunt ( ) / a hand holding herbs, jewels, a scepter, a crown, grilondes, and the Quill of fame

122 Gloria latavia ( ) / a cylinder covered with hieroglyphs beneath a rayed sun, Love, Honor, Renown, Virtue

123 Tu contra audentior ( ) / a valiant lion being attacked by a sword and a taper, Fortune

124 Huic ne credere tutissimum ( ) / a bird, a nest covered by a crown on top of a rose bush, Henry, Medea

125 Mihi gravato Deus ( ) / Sir Thomas Ridgewaie / a kneeling camel bearing a heavy load, well dressed men, Fortune

126 Melancholia (Melancholy) / an old man Melancholy with a book in his lap, a bag in his hand with his foot on a cube, an owl, a cat, Avarice

127 Sanguis (Sanguine) / a young man Sanguine, red cheeks, a garland, holding a lyre, a goat eating grapes

128 Cholera (Choler) / a young man Choler clad in a flowing loincloth, holding a sword, a sitting lion, shield bearing a flame on a crimson field

129 Phlegma (Phlegm) / a sick old man Phlegm, a fire in a chimney, a tortoise under his feet, Dropsy

130 Ad Iesum Christum opt: Max: ( ) / a lamb, bound upon an altar, a knife at its throat, a jar of incense / Acts 8:32, Essay 53-Speculatore

131 Nec amicis, nec cognatis fidendum ( ) / a partridge flying above a field of grain where her young hide

132 Matrimonium (Marriage) / A man Matrimony in stocks, yoked, holding a quince, Solon, Church / Plutarch

133 Sed frigida pulchra. Ad lesbiam. ( ) / a hand holding an Elysian rose, Daedalian maze, snow / Propertius, Ovid

134 Veritas (Truth) / A woman, a book and a quill in one hand, the sun in the other, with her foot on a globe / Diodorus Siculus

135 Etiam hosti servanda ( ) / two hands clasped below the phrase 'M: Atillii' with a barrel under them / Cicero

136 Iustitia militaris (Military Justice?) / a laden pear tree above a Roman military camp / (Strategum), Tacitus, (Vopisc)

137 Regum Maiestatem non imminuendam ( ) / a crown between two vipers on gateposts, Romans / Pers, Theocritus, Tacitus

138 Dolis minime fidendum ( ) / a dog attacking a fox below a tree that a cat sits in / Aesop

139 Vigil utrinque ( ) / a cock upon a beacon above a countryside, Satan / James I, Gregor, Speculatore (Essay 21)

140 Vindicta Divina ( ) / a large winged tome / Zachar, Cicero, Claudian, Basilico

141 Eternitas (Eternity) / beautiful young woman Eternity with snake's body, stars, and golden balls / Philo Judeus, Cicero

142 Hei mihi quod vidi ( ) / limbeck, eye with tears, sorrow

143 Sic audaces fotunas ( ) / Lysimachus and lion, Calisthenes, Alexander

144 Et minimi vindictam ( ) / bees and flies on tomb, Nero, Rome, Domitian, tyrant / James I, Job 15, Seneca, Juvena

145 Ex utroque Immortalitas ( ) To Jacob, King of Britain / star above crossed olive branches, peace / Ovid, Seneca, James I

146 Icon Peccati ( ) / young blind man on steep thorny mountain with serpents, Adam, conscience / Cicero

147 Inconstantia (Inconstancy) / the woman Inconstancy stands with crab, crescent, sea, cancer

148 In Amicos Falsos (In False Friends??) / two men, bear, tree, friendship / Aesop

149 Levitas ( ) / young man with bellows and spur, capricious / Ripa, Ecclesiastes

150 Adhuc mea messis in herba ( ) dedication / rake, pitchfork, scythe, ribbon, marriage

151 Somniorum Dea ( ) / lovely Brysus, queen of dreams, with crown, sword, riches, golden apples / Frischlinus, Leviticus, Tibullus, James I

152 Libidinis effecta ( ) / lustful vipers, sloth, repentance, shame / Erasmus, Bernard

153 Sors ( ) / wretched man holding crown, treasure bag, scepter, and halter (rope) / Greek Anthology, Publius

154 Inani impetu ( ) / crocodile, bees, hive, saffron, Nile, honey, garden / Pliny

155 Secundus deteriora dies ( ) / Tiberius Caesar, a leper with flies, a judge / Columella, Tacitus

156 Silentÿ dignitas (Silent Dignity) / Solon, old sage with knife, tongue, Greece / Gellius, Laertius

157 Vini Energia ( ) / husbandman with hoe, grapes, lion, ape, sheep, drunkenness / Ovid, Horace

158 Nec igne, nec unda ( ) / rock of manly constancy, waves, ship of opinion, pride, vain desire, hot passions

159 Praecocia non diuturna ( ) / Zephyr, Flora, almond tree, flowers, spring

160 Ira Principum: Quocung ferar ( ) / star, crown, Jove, God, prince / Proverbs 25:15, Aristotle

161 Ulterius durabit. (it will endure beyond) / Colossus of Rhodes (youth, statue) with urn, book, arrows, bow, ships, harbor, city, sea, monuments, Muse, Homer, Pyramids, Time, Envy / Ovid

162 Pro Regno, et Religione. (for the kingdom, and religion) / Armored glove with sword, pedestal, city ruins, Trumpet, Peace, King Henry / Henry IV

163 Non nubila tangant. (the clouds may not touch) / Mountain enveloped by clouds, rain, peak with sunshine, valley, pasture, Fate, Fortune, Thunderclap

164 Ordo. (order) / Plumes firmly laid, plumage, feathers, city, King Stephen, Fortune, Justice

165 His graviora. (heavier things than these) / Capsizing ship on rough sea, ocean, flags, waves, courage, Aeneas, Tyrrhenian, God / Vergil

166 In vos hic valet. (here it is strong into you) / Nicolas White / Shield with heart, arrows, bow, city, armor, Sin, Innocence, Slanders, Death, Cupid. Affection / Horatius

167 Nitor in adversum. (I press on into the opposition) / Cypress tree oppressed by with heavy beam, city, Column, Ancients, Resolution, Constancy, Fortune, Fate / Pliny, Seneca

168 Vanae merces. In Naupalum. (empty commodities. into naupalus.) / Monkey, ape with beads, hobby-horse, box, fans, windmill, rattles, tails of foxes, Naupalus, knight, Jason, Argo, Hesperian Dragon / James I

169 Haud conveniunt. (they do not at all agree) / Boar wounding Adonis with tusks, spear, youth, hunt, Venus, Lion, Love, King, Prince, Idleness, Poets, Wit / Ovid

170 Zelus in Deum. (the jealousy into God) / Father Henry Peacham / Winged youth, Zeal, with breast enflamed by fire, stag (hart) tasting stream (river), Faith, God, Sin, Desire / Gregor, Nazianzen

171 Sanctitas simulata. (imitated sanctity) / Crown on table with Puritan's hat, castle, city, Gems, Diadem, Prince, King. Faith, Religion, Pride, Parity / James I, Augustus

172 De Morte, et Cupidine. (about Death, and Cupid) / Cupid and Death with bows and arrows, skeletons, dead lovers, Nature, Power

173 Latet abditus agro. (he, secluded, lies hidden in the field) / Column with shield, sword, spear, axe, city, Wisdom, Age, King, Knight, Nature / Horatius, Salomon, Solon

174 Sine Cerere et Baccho. (without Ceres and Bacchus) / Cytharean maid with son (Venus with Cupid) at fire, and Ceres (grain) and Bacchus (wine, spirits), Love, Temperance, Sobriety, Pleasure, Lust

175 Laboris effecta. (the effects of labor) / Mrs. Anne Dudleie / Diana with wounded stag (Actaeon), hounds, Love, Cupid, forest, horn, Death, Echo, bow, arrows, Labor, Idleness

176 Gratis servire libertas. (for nothing you are served freedom) / Merlion (Hawk) holding a lark in a tree, Thankfulness / Claudian

177 Hinc super hae, Musa. (from here over these, muse) / Henry Peacham / Muse (Urania) holding a globe, wand, with stars, moon, windmill, Lake, Artist, Intent

178 Movere levissima sensum. (the lightest thing moves the sense) / Tortoise (turtle) with hand from sky poking shell (Castle) with straw (stick), Nature, Choler, fight, temper

179 Negatur utrumque. (each are denied) / Mattock (pickaxe) with sacks, bundles, Muse, Desire, God, Age, windmill, city, men / Seneca

180 Sorte, aut Labore. (by Lot, or by Labor) / Lottery held up by ribbon engraved with Sorte, aut Labore, Labor, Fortune, Birth, Life, Live (Living)

181 Amicitia Effigies (Effigy of Friendship)/ Statue of True-Friendship, clothed in green, upon his brow, "Winter and Summer," upon his visible heart, "Far and Near," upon his robe, "Life and Death."/ Hieronymus

182 Nulli Penetrabilis (Penetrable to No one)/Thick Forest, impenetrable with chaotic paths, impenetrable by light, Chaos, Stars, Moon, Acheron, Silvius

183 Vnum, et Semel / Garden, hand plucks center piece flower, courtyard

184 In Requie, Labor / Hand emerges from sky, compass, two intersecting circles drawn in mid-air, Labor, Solon, Contemplation, City

185-187 Rura mihi et Silentium / Landscape, countryside, mountains, sunshine, chaos, confusion, Thames, Richmond, Severne, Avon, Flora, bear, fish, Theseus, Hyads, Eridanos, Orion, Swan, Philomel, thrush, dove, City, Nurse, Civility, Tranquility, Ability/ Aristotle, Ovid

188 Omnis a Deo Sapientia / Jove and eagle, out of his head comes a child, Mulciber with axe, Pallas, God, Art, Constancy, Eloquence

189 Divina Misericordia / Prometheus, eagle gnaws at his liver, God, Piety, nature, Reason, Jove/ Sallust, Seneca, School: Theocris

190 Homo Microcosmus / Sphere, Man stands in center, sun, moon, celestial lights, Earth, Fire, Water, Elements, Infancy, spring youth, summer, autumn, winter

191 Vini Natura / Bacchus straddles barrel of wine, holds grape vine in one hand and wine goblet in other, Pegasus, Invention, Sense

192 Vnum Alam / Tree, all branches save one are severed, Summer, Arts/ Cicero

193 Terminus / Pillar named Terminus, Jove, He holds a fasces, eagle/ Varro

194 Fortuna Major / Fortune lies bound with rope, Hercules, Poverty, Fate, Goddess, Wisdom, king/ Julius Caesar

195 Nec in vna Sede Morantur / Scepter, Monarch, Venus, Cupid, Love, Pity, queen, bow, arrows, Saint

196 Super terram peregrinans Tent, Rechabite, Heaven/ Aristotle

197 Sapientiam, Avaritia, et Dolus, decipiunt / Pallas, Money, Dissimulation, Minerva, virtue, scholarship, net, spear, cask

198 Personam non animum / Hypocrite, Zeal of Sanctity, Sin, old man, staff, rosary, Hircan Tiger, Erymanthian Bear, Lucifer, god

199 Honores isti aliunde / Indian headdress, parrots' feathers, fashion, Ursula Major, Glories, Cowardice, Passion, Arts, Bounty, Valour

200 Non alit, enecat / Laurel, Peneus, Muses, Nyads, Learning, Arts, church

201 Minimus in summo / pyramid, good fortune, pride, ambition

202 Nil viribus impar / arm and bow in clouds, strength, prudence

203 Sic bellica virtus / three furled ensigns or standards, readiness in peace, war / Ovid, proverb well known in Low Countries

204 Tantó dulcius / sheet music notation with "dolcimente" / strife between brethren, discord, concord / Homer, Pythagoras

205 Per far denari / five masks intertwined: young man, old man, boar, dog, and fool with donkey ears

206 Aula / young lady Favor with holy-water brush, stocks, gilded hooks, lead shoes, spaniel / Ripa, Plutarch, Alciato, Tacitus, Seneca

 

"The Author's Conclusion": page one, page two, page three, page four, page five